In a major step for India’s nuclear energy programme, the Department of Atomic Energy announced that the 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam has achieved first criticality, marking the start of a self-sustaining nuclear reaction.
Narendra Modi congratulated scientists on the achievement, calling it a “historic milestone” and highlighting that the reactor has been built entirely using indigenous technology. He noted that the development strengthens India’s vision of “Viksit Bharat.”
The milestone was achieved on April 6, 2026, at 08:25 PM after meeting all safety requirements set by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board. The event was attended by key leaders including Ajit Kumar Mohanty, Sreekumar G Pillai, Allu Ananth, and K.V. Suresh Kumar.
The reactor was designed by Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research and built by Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited.
Fast Breeder Reactors are central to India’s long-term nuclear strategy. Unlike conventional reactors, the PFBR uses Uranium-Plutonium Mixed Oxide (MOX) fuel and is surrounded by a Uranium-238 blanket. This allows the reactor to generate more fissile material than it consumes by converting Uranium-238 into Plutonium-239.
The reactor is also designed to eventually use Thorium-232, which can be converted into Uranium-233, supporting the third stage of India’s nuclear programme. This approach enhances fuel efficiency and helps maximise energy output from limited uranium resources.
The PFBR serves as a bridge between current pressurised heavy water reactors and future thorium-based systems. It incorporates advanced safety features, liquid sodium cooling, and a closed fuel cycle that enables recycling of nuclear materials, improving sustainability and reducing waste.
This achievement highlights India’s growing strength in indigenous nuclear technology, engineering, and manufacturing, while reinforcing its long-term clean energy ambitions.
Also read: Viksit Workforce for a Viksit Bharat
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