Ancient Roman inscriptions provide valuable insights into laws, traditions, the economy, and even the emotions of people from that era. Over time, many of these inscriptions have been damaged, making them difficult to interpret. Around 1,500 Roman inscriptions are discovered each year, but many are incomplete. Now, a new AI tool called Aeneas is helping to decode and restore them, offering a clearer understanding of ancient history.
Named after a hero in Roman history, Aeneas is a large language model trained on nearly 200,000 Latin inscriptions. These inscriptions date from the 7th century to the 8th century and cover regions from Portugal to Iraq. The model can analyse images of damaged inscriptions and predict missing letters or words. It can also determine the time period and location of an inscription and cross-reference it with others containing similar phrases or purposes.
Since Aeneas is trained exclusively on Latin inscriptions, experts believe it is less likely to make random or inaccurate errors compared to general AI models. A historian from the University of Sydney noted that Aeneas’s suggestions, while educated guesses, are still based on genuine historical data rather than unsupported assumptions.
The tool has been made publicly available, with its code and data shared without restrictions. Most importantly, it can be accessed for free, enabling students and researchers to explore and reinterpret previously hidden fragments of Roman history in greater detail.
With Aeneas, technology is making history clearer, allowing ancient voices to be heard once again through inscriptions that have survived for centuries.
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