A new space-based initiative could change how sunlight is accessed after sunset. US-based startup Reflect Orbital is developing a technology that uses large mirrors placed in space to redirect sunlight towards selected locations on Earth during nighttime. The concept aims to make sunlight available on demand, much like electricity.
The initiative could support solar farms by extending their power generation hours, provide lighting in disaster-affected regions and assist rescue operations. As part of its testing plans, the California-based company has partnered with India’s Skyroot Aerospace for 2 rocket launches to demonstrate the technology.
Reflect Orbital plans to deploy large, steerable mirrors measuring 18 x 18 metres in low Earth orbit (LEO). These mirrors will redirect sunlight towards specific locations even after sunset. During the demonstration phase, the reflected light is expected to cover an area approximately 5 kilometres wide. The company will adjust the mirrors’ positions to maintain illumination over locations selected by paying customers.
The 1st mission is scheduled for the 2nd quarter of 2027. The company aims to expand its satellite network to 50,000 units by 2035. According to its plans, the reflected light will initially be comparable to moonlight, with its brightness and duration increasing as the satellite network expands.
The project will use a demonstration satellite named Earendil-1. Customers will be able to select the locations they want illuminated through an app.
However, the proposal has raised concerns among astronomers and environmental groups over its possible impact on the natural night sky. A peer-reviewed study published in August 2025 examined how reflected sunlight could interact with Earth’s atmosphere. It found that atmospheric molecules and aerosols could scatter the light beyond its intended target. Light reflected from the Earth’s surface could also travel upwards and scatter again, expanding its impact across a wider area.
The study’s model suggests that even at a distance of 14 kilometres from the targeted location, the resulting glow could be brighter than a full moon. This raises concerns that people who have not requested the service could also experience unwanted illumination. However, these findings are based on modelling, and real-world testing is still awaited.
Reflect Orbital received regulatory approval in the US in July. However, several astronomers and environmental groups have challenged the decision and called on the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to withdraw its approval.
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