In a key policy stance, NITI Aayog has declined requests from Tata Motors, Mahindra & Mahindra and JSW MG Motor to limit the definition of zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) to only electric vehicles.
The automakers had opposed a February 10, 2026 transport report and sought a narrower definition focused on “true zero-tailpipe-emission technologies.” However, NITI Aayog has retained a broader, technology-neutral approach.
Under its framework, ZEVs include battery electric vehicles (BEVs), ethanol-based flex fuel vehicles (FFVs), compressed bio-gas (CBG) vehicles, hybrids and hydrogen-based vehicles. The think tank has emphasized that India’s transition to cleaner mobility should include multiple pathways rather than relying solely on EVs.
NITI Aayog has also outlined a phased transition strategy. This includes gradually phasing out diesel vehicles, adopting lower-emission alternatives such as CNG, hybrids and EVs, and eventually scaling biofuels and hydrogen-based solutions alongside continued EV growth.
The approach has received support from the Indian Federation of Green Energy, which welcomed the decision. The body stated that the policy maintains a biofuel-led, technology-neutral pathway aligned with India’s long-term decarbonisation goals.
In a communication to Suman Berry, IFGE highlighted that emissions should be evaluated across the full lifecycle of a vehicle, not just tailpipe emissions. This, it said, ensures a more scientifically robust and policy-relevant assessment.
The development reinforces India’s strategy to achieve net zero by 2070 through a mix of technologies, balancing sustainability, energy security and economic priorities.
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