IBM has introduced a new reference architecture for quantum-centric supercomputing, designed to combine quantum processors with classical computing systems to solve complex scientific problems.
The blueprint explains how quantum processing units (QPUs) can work alongside CPUs and GPUs across research centres, on-premises infrastructure and cloud environments. The approach focuses on coordinated workflows that allow quantum and classical systems to operate together within the same computing framework.
According to IBM, the architecture enables workloads that require both quantum algorithms and traditional high-performance computing resources. These include advanced problems in chemistry, materials science and molecular simulation that are difficult to solve using classical computing alone.
The system relies on open software frameworks, including Qiskit, to coordinate tasks between quantum and classical systems. This setup allows developers and scientists to access quantum capabilities using familiar tools and existing computing environments.
Jay Gambetta, Director of IBM Research and IBM Fellow, said the concept builds on ideas first proposed decades ago about using computers to simulate quantum physics.
“More than four decades ago, Richard Feynman envisioned computers that could simulate quantum physics,” he said.
“The future lies in quantum-centric supercomputing, where quantum processors work together with classical high-performance computing to solve problems that were previously out of reach.”
Researchers have already tested the architecture in several scientific experiments. A team including IBM and the University of Manchester created a half-Möbius molecule and verified its electronic structure using a quantum-centric supercomputer.
In another project, the Cleveland Clinic simulated a 303-atom tryptophan-cage mini-protein, one of the largest molecular models analysed using this approach.
A separate collaboration involving IBM, RIKEN and the University of Chicago identified the lowest-energy state of engineered quantum systems.
IBM said its broader partner ecosystem will continue improving the architecture. Future developments are expected to include new algorithms and enhanced scheduling tools that could expand applications in fields such as chemistry, materials science and optimisation.
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