Tensions are rising between the United States Department of Defense and artificial intelligence firm Anthropic over how advanced AI systems can be used in military operations. Reports indicate that the Pentagon is considering scaling back or even ending its partnership with the company due to disagreements over usage policies.
The dispute centres on Anthropic’s strict ethical framework. The company does not allow its AI models to be used in fully autonomous lethal weapons systems or for large scale domestic surveillance of US citizens. It has described these limits as non-negotiable. According to reports, the Defense Department has urged leading AI companies to make their tools available for all lawful military purposes, including weapons development, intelligence analysis and battlefield operations. While some firms are believed to be more flexible, Anthropic position has reportedly caused frustration within the Pentagon.
A senior administration official was quoted as saying that “all options are on the table,” including reducing or terminating the partnership, although any such move would require a structured replacement. Anthropic has responded by stating that it remains committed to supporting US national security. The company said its AI models are already used by government agencies for intelligence related tasks within the boundaries of its policy. It added that discussions with the Defense Department have focused on policy and technical issues and are not connected to active military operations.
Recent reports also suggested that Anthropic technology may have been involved in a US overseas military operation. A senior executive at the company reportedly sought clarification from a partner organization after learning that the mission included kinetic action and casualties. The situation reflects a broader global debate on the role of AI in national security. Defense agencies want greater operational flexibility, while AI developers are cautious about legal, ethical and reputational risks. Experts believe the outcome of this standoff could influence how governments and private AI companies collaborate in areas such as weapons systems, intelligence and surveillance. Talks are ongoing, but failure to reach agreement could affect the future of the US defense technology ecosystem.
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